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Michael Wisniewski Timothy Artlip Jia Liu Jing Ma Erik Burchard John Norelli Christopher Dardick 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(24)
Malus sieversii is considered the progenitor of modern apple (Malus pumila) cultivars and to represent a valuable source of genetic diversity. Despite the importance of M. sieversii as a source of disease resistance, stress tolerance, and novel fruit traits, little is known about gene function and diversity in M. sieversii. Notably, a publicly annotated genome sequence for this species is not available. In the current study, the FOX (Full-length cDNA OvereXpressing) gene hunting system was used to construct a library of transgenic lines of Arabidopsis in which each transgenic line overexpresses a full-length gene obtained from a cDNA library of the PI619283 accession of M. sieversii. The cDNA library was constructed from mRNA obtained from bark tissues collected in late fall–early winter, a time at which many abiotic stress-adaptative genes are expressed. Over 4000 apple FOX Arabidopsis lines have been established from the pool of transgenic seeds and cDNA inserts corresponding to various Gene Ontology (GO) categories have been identified. A total of 160 inserts appear to be novel, with no or limited homology to M. pumila, Arabidopsis, or poplar. Over 1300 lines have also been screened for freezing resistance. The constructed library of transgenic lines provides a valuable genetic resource for exploring gene function and diversity in Malus sieversii. Notably, no such library of t-DNA lines currently exists for any Malus species. 相似文献
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Khawaja Ghulam Rasool Muhammad Altaf Khan Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood Muhammad Tufail Muhammad Mukhtar Makio Takeda 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(8):19326-19346
A state of the art proteomic methodology using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI TOF) has been employed to characterize peptides modulated in the date palm stem subsequent to infestation with red palm weevil (RPW). Our analyses revealed 32 differentially expressed peptides associated with RPW infestation in date palm stem. To identify RPW infestation associated peptides (I), artificially wounded plants (W) were used as additional control beside uninfested plants, a conventional control (C). A constant unique pattern of differential expression in infested (I), wounded (W) stem samples compared to control (C) was observed. The upregulated proteins showed relative fold intensity in order of I > W and downregulated spots trend as W > I, a quite interesting pattern. This study also reveals that artificially wounding of date palm stem affects almost the same proteins as infestation; however, relative intensity is quite lower than in infested samples both in up and downregulated spots. All 32 differentially expressed spots were subjected to MALDI-TOF analysis for their identification and we were able to match 21 proteins in the already existing databases. Relatively significant modulated expression pattern of a number of peptides in infested plants predicts the possibility of developing a quick and reliable molecular methodology for detecting plants infested with date palm. 相似文献
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As technology advances, robots and virtual agents will be introduced into the home and healthcare settings to assist individuals, both young and old, with everyday living tasks. Understanding how users recognize an agent׳s social cues is therefore imperative, especially in social interactions. Facial expression, in particular, is one of the most common non-verbal cues used to display and communicate emotion in on-screen agents (Cassell et al., 2000). Age is important to consider because age-related differences in emotion recognition of human facial expression have been supported (Ruffman et al., 2008), with older adults showing a deficit for recognition of negative facial expressions. Previous work has shown that younger adults can effectively recognize facial emotions displayed by agents (Bartneck and Reichenbach, 2005, Courgeon et al., 2009, Courgeon et al., 2011, Breazeal, 2003); however, little research has compared in-depth younger and older adults’ ability to label a virtual agent׳s facial emotions, an import consideration because social agents will be required to interact with users of varying ages. If such age-related differences exist for recognition of virtual agent facial expressions, we aim to understand if those age-related differences are influenced by the intensity of the emotion, dynamic formation of emotion (i.e., a neutral expression developing into an expression of emotion through motion), or the type of virtual character differing by human-likeness. Study 1 investigated the relationship between age-related differences, the implication of dynamic formation of emotion, and the role of emotion intensity in emotion recognition of the facial expressions of a virtual agent (iCat). Study 2 examined age-related differences in recognition expressed by three types of virtual characters differing by human-likeness (non-humanoid iCat, synthetic human, and human). Study 2 also investigated the role of configural and featural processing as a possible explanation for age-related differences in emotion recognition. First, our findings show age-related differences in the recognition of emotions expressed by a virtual agent, with older adults showing lower recognition for the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and neutral. These age-related difference might be explained by older adults having difficulty discriminating similarity in configural arrangement of facial features for certain emotions; for example, older adults often mislabeled the similar emotions of fear as surprise. Second, our results did not provide evidence for the dynamic formation improving emotion recognition; but, in general, the intensity of the emotion improved recognition. Lastly, we learned that emotion recognition, for older and younger adults, differed by character type, from best to worst: human, synthetic human, and then iCat. Our findings provide guidance for design, as well as the development of a framework of age-related differences in emotion recognition. 相似文献
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Functional expression and synergistic cooperation of xylan‐degrading enzymes from Hypocrea orientalis and Aspergillus niger 下载免费PDF全文
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This study aimed to investigate the microRNA expression profile and the characteristics of lipid metabolism
in the livers of rats undergoing a high-fat diet. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a standard chow
group (C group, N = 10) and a high-fat diet group (H group, N = 40). After 12 weeks, the rat body weight, body length,
fat mass, and serum lipid concentration were measured. The expression profile of microRNAs and the gene and protein
expression levels involved in lipid metabolism in rat liver were detected. Body fat and serum lipid concentrations
were all significantly higher in the H group than those in the C group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The expression of 10
microRNAs showed significant differences in the liver (p < 0.05). In particular, the let-7 family expression levels
significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the H group compared with those in the C group. Compared with the C group, the
high-fat diet resulted in low FAS, CPT1A, and ApoAI mRNA expression levels (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) and high PPARα
and FAT/CD36 mRNA expression levels in the H group rat liver (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the protein PPARα, FAS,
CPT1A, FAT/CD36, and ApoAI expression levels were all significantly lower in the H group than those in the C group
(p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In conclusion, the high-fat diet increased the body fat and serum lipid levels and altered the 10
microRNA expression levels in the liver. The high-fat diet may affect hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and increase
ectopic fat accumulation through let-7 family overexpression. The high-fat diet for 12 weeks decreased lipid metabolism
level in the liver, thereby decreasing fatty acid synthesis, oxidation, and transport by down-regulating the PPARα, FAS,
CPT1A, FAT/CD36, and ApoAI protein levels. 相似文献
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在传统静态表情识别研究基础上,提出一种简单的人脸裁剪方法,再用浅层卷积神经网络进一步提取特征并进行表情识别。以CK+和JAFFE为实验数据集,进行预处理效果对比实验、数据增强实验、单种表情识别实验和跨数据集六分类实验。结果表明,针对数据量较少的情况,提出的表情识别方法效果明显且鲁棒性更优。 相似文献